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Country | Type of Election | Date | Region | SIS Expert |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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open, simultaneous, and obligatory primaries (PASO) | Aug 2023 | South America | Agustina Giraudy |
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general | Oct 2023 | South America | Agustina Giraudy |
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runoff | Nov 2023 | South America | Agustina Giraudy |
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general | Jan 2024 | Asia | Tazreena Sajjad, C. Austin Davis |
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parliamentary | Feb 2024 | Europe | Keith Darden |
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federal | Jun 2024 | Europe | Garret Martin, Michelle Egan |
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general | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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general | Jul 2023 | Asia | |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Africa | Ernest Ogbozor |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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parliamentary | Dec 2024 | Europe | Mirjana Morosini, Doga Eralp |
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general | Dec 2023 | Africa | |
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general | May 2024 | Central America & Caribbean | |
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presidential runoff | Oct 2023 | South America | Agustina Giraudy, Lou Goodman, Robin Broad |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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general | Feb 2024 | Central America & Caribbean | Robin Broad |
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european parliament | Jun 2024 | Europe | Garret Martin |
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presidential | Jan 2024 | Europe | Garret Martin |
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presidential runoff | Feb 2024 | Europe | Garret Martin |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Europe | Keith Darden |
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parliamentary | Dec 2024 | Europe | Keith Darden |
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general | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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presidential runoff | Aug 2023 | Central America & Caribbean | Anthony Fontes, Walter Flores |
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general | Jun 2024 | Asia | Amitav Acharya |
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general | Feb 2024 | Asia | |
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legislative | Mar 2024 | Asia | Shadi Mokhtari |
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general | Oct 2023 | Africa | |
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presidential | May 2024 | Europe | |
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parliamentary | Oct 2024 | Europe | Keith Darden |
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presidential | Nov 2023 | Africa | |
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presidential | Sep 2023 | Asia | |
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presidential runoff | Sep 2023 | Asia | |
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presidential | Feb 2024 | Africa | |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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general | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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general | Jun 2024 | North America | Tony Wayne, Lou Goodman, Agustina Giraudy |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Europe | Keith Darden |
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general | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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general | Dec 2023 | Asia | Tazreena Sajjad, C. Austin Davis |
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general | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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general | Oct 2023 | Oceania | |
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parliamentary | Dec 2024 | Europe | Mirjana Morosini, Doga Eralp |
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general | Feb 2024 | Asia | Akbar Ahmed |
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general | Nov 2024 | Oceania | |
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general | May 2024 | Central America & Caribbean | |
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general | Dec 2024 | South America | Agustina Giraudy, Lou Goodman |
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parliamentary | Oct 2023 | Europe | Garret Martin |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Europe | Mirjana Morosini, Keith Darden |
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presidential | Mar 2024 | Europe | Keith Darden, James Goldgeier |
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parliamentary | Jul 2024 | Africa | Claudine Kuradusenge-McLeod |
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presidential | Jul 2024 | Africa | Claudine Kuradusenge-McLeod |
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presidential | Apr 2024 | Africa | |
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presidential | Sep 2023 | Asia | Lou Goodman |
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parliamentary | Sep 2023 | Europe | Keith Darden |
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general | Dec 2024 | Africa | |
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legislative | Apr 2024 | Asia | Ji-young Lee |
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general | Jul 2023 | Europe | Garret Martin, Michelle Egan |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Asia | |
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federal | Oct 2023 | Europe | Garret Martin |
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presidential | Jan 2024 | Asia | Piper Campbell |
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parliamentary | Oct 2023 | Europe | Keith Darden, James Goldgeier |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | Europe | Keith Darden, James Goldgeier |
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presidential | Nov 2024 | North America | Jordan Tama |
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general | Oct 2024 | South America | |
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presidential | Jul 2023 | Asia | Keith Darden |
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parliamentary | Dec 2024 | Asia | Keith Darden |
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presidential | Dec 2024 | South America | |
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general | Aug 2023 | Africa | Shannon Hader |
Note: An asterisk next to the country name indicates that the date listed is accurate only to the year; the month has been added for sorting purposes only. Dates will be updated as available.Ìę
Africa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) held a general election on December 20, 2023, to elect a president and members of the National Assembly. According to the , the election faced numerous logistical issues and had to be extended to a second day in some areas. The DRC's National Independent Electoral Commission announced on December 31, 2023, that incumbent president Felix Tshisekedi won the election with 73% of the vote.Ìę
General Election
- December 20, 2023
Liberia
Following a runoff election on November 16, incumbent president George Weah conceded to opposition leader Joseph Boakai.ÌęThis election represents the first since the 2018 departure of the United Nations Mission in Liberia, according to .
General Election
- October 10, 2023
Runoff Election
- November 16, 2023
Madagascar
Madagascar held its presidential election on November 16, 2023. Voters re-elected incumbent president Andry Rajoelina amid controversy and .Ìę
Presidential Election
- November 16, 2023
Mali
Mali was expected to hold a presidential election in February 2024. Malian voters to the nationâs constitution in June 2023. The amendments to the constitution are expected to help facilitate a transition to civilian leadership, . The nation has been ruled by a military junta since a coup dâĂ©tat in 2020, and the junta has delayed the elections seemingly indefinitely.
Presidential Election
- Deferred
Rwanda
Rwanda is slated to hold a presidential election in 2024. Incumbent president Paul Kagame, who has been president since 2000, has announced he will seek a fourth term. In a referendum held in 2015, voters approved amendments to the nationâs constitution that provides Kagame the potential to stay in office until 2034, .
Presidential Election
- July 15, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
Senegal
Senegal held its presidential elections on March 24, 2024. opposition candidate Bassirou Diomaye Faye won the election with 54% of the vote.
Presidential Election
- March 24, 2024
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe held its general election on August 23 to elect a new parliament and president. The Zimbabwe Election Commission has declared the results, with incumbent President Emmerson Mnangagwa as the winner; however, many are concerned about the validity of those results.
The US State Department has released , saying, "Although the Zimbabwe Election Commission (ZEC) has announced results of the countryâs recent presidential election, multiple observation missions have expressed deep concerns and stated that the countryâs electoral process did not meet regional and international standards for credibility."
General Election
- August 23, 2023
Asia
Bangladesh
Bangladesh held a general election on January 7, 2024. Incumbent Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina won an unprecedented fourth term, with her Awami Party securing over 75% of the votes.Ìę
The US and EU have raised concern about fair elections in Bangladesh following allegations of vote-rigging in 2014 and 2018, . US Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced in May 2023 that the US was adopting a new policy to restrict visas for Bangladeshis who undermine the democratic election, .Ìę
General Election
- January 7, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
Cambodia
Cambodia held its general election on July 23, 2023. The countryâs ruling party, the Cambodian Peopleâs Party, declared victory soon after the election. The CPP said it won 120 out of 125 seats in Parliament, which would ultimately cement Prime Minister Hun Senâs rule ahead of an expected transition of power to his son, .
In a statement, the US Department of State said it is âtroubled that the July 23 Cambodian national elections were neither free nor fair.â The State Department noted that ahead of the July election, Cambodian authorities threatened and harassed political opposition groups and ultimately âdenied the Cambodian people a voice and a choice in determining the future of their country.â
General Election
- July 23, 2023
India
India is held its general election from April to June, 2024. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his ruling Bharitiya Janata Party (BJP) were re-elected to a third term, although they were forced to form a after failing to reach a majority in the Lok Sabha.Ìę
General Election
- June 2024
Context from SIS Experts
Indonesia
Indonesia, the world's fourth most populous nation, held its general election on February 14. Defense Minister and ex-General Prabowo Subianto claimed an early victory with over of the vote amid concerns over his past human rights record.Ìę
General Election
- February 14, 2024
Maldives
The Maldives held the first round of its presidential election on September 9, 2023. No candidate reached the required 50% of votes, so a runoff election was scheduled for September 30, 2023. won the runoff election and will become the next president.Ìę
Presidential Election
- September 9, 2023
Presidential Runoff
- September 30, 2023
Myanmar
Myanmar delayed its election that it had originally planned to hold in August 2023. On August 1, 2023, the military made a statement on state television announcing that the election would be delayed due to ongoing violence, . The nation extended its state of emergency that has been in place since 2021 following a coup dâĂ©tat.
General Election
- Date Unknown
Iran
Iran held legislative elections on March 1, 2024. These elections had the lowest participation rate since the 1979 revolution, with just of the population voting. The elections saw hard-line conservatives dominate the polls for both the Assembly of Experts clerical body, and the national legislature.Ìę
Legislative Election
- March 1, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
Pakistan
Pakistanâs general election was held on February 8, 2024. Independent candidates affiliated with ousted leader Imran Khanâs Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party secured 93 out of 336 seats in Parliament â the most seats in the election.
General Election
- February 8, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
Singapore
Singaporeâs presidential election was held on September 1, 2023. Former deputy prime minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam won the presidency with 70.4% of the votes. Shanmugaratnam is a member of the Peopleâs Action Party and has previously won several elections at the parliamentary level, according to . Shanmugaratnam was officially sworn into office on September 14, 2023.Ìę
General Election
- September 1, 2023
South Korea
South Korea held its legislative election on April 10, 2024. The election was won by the liberal opposition, as they took 175 of the 300 available parliamentary seats. According to , this win will make it difficult for President Yoon and the People Power Party to pass legislation.Ìę
General Election
- April 10, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
- (2018)
- Five Things to Know about North and South Korea (2018)
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is expected to hold its presidential election by June or July 2024. In 2022, lawmakers in Sri Lankaâs parliament selected Ranil Wickremesinghe to replace and finish the term of President Gotabaya Rajapaska, who was pushed out of office by protestors who blamed him for the countryâs economic collapse, .Ìę
Presidential Election
- Expected 2024
Taiwan
Taiwan held its presidential election on January 13, 2024. Democratic Progressive Party leader Lai Ching-te declared victory, securing a third consecutive term for the party.
The election for US-China relations for years to come, as President Joe Biden has repeatedly said the US would come to Taiwanâs aid if it was attacked. Since 1979, the US has held a âOne China policyâ and does not formally recognize Taiwan as an independent nation.
Presidential Election
- January 13, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan President Shavkat Mirziyoyev was re-elected in July to another seven-year term in a snap election. According to , Mirziyoyev called a snap election after the constitution was changed via referendum, ultimately resetting his term count and extending the presidential term from five years to seven years.
The nation is expected to hold parliamentary elections in 2024. Uzbekistanâs parliament, , has two chambersâthe Senate and the Legislative Chamber. The Senate has 100 seats and the Legislative Chamber has 150 seats.
Presidential Election
- July 9, 2023
Parliamentary Election
- Expected 2024
Central America & Caribbean
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic held a general election on May 19, 2024, to elect the president, vice president, 32 senators, and 19 deputies. Incumbent president  won re-election and garnered support due to his on migrants from neighboring Haiti.Ìę
General Election
- May 19, 2024
El Salvador
El Salvador held general elections on February 4, 2024, to elect the president, vice president, and all 60 deputies of the Legislative Assembly. Incumbent president won re-election after El Salvadorâs Supreme Court of Justice overturned the constitutional prohibition on immediate re-election in 2021.
General Election
- February 4, 2024
Guatemala
Guatemala held a presidential runoff election on August 20, 2023, after no candidates received a 51% majority in the first round of voting. The two candidates in the runoff election were Sandra Torres and Bernardo ArĂ©valo. The runoff election initially hit a roadblock after a court ruled that ArĂ©valoâs was not allowed to participate in politics due to fraud accusations.
After the runoff moved ahead, Bernardo Arévalo went on to receive 59.1% of votes in the runoff, and he is set to become the next president of Guatemala.
Presidential Runoff Election
- August 20, 2023
Panama
Panama held a general election on May 5, 2024, to elect the president and all 71 seats of the National Assembly. Former security minister Jose Raul Mulino won the presidency with 34% of the vote. According to , Mulino stepped in to replace popular former leader Ricardo Martinelli, who dropped out due to money laundering accusations.Ìę
General Election
- May 5, 2024
Europe
Belarus
Belarus held Parliamentary elections on February 25, 2024. Only candidates registered to the four official parties were on the ballot, and 51 of the 110 parliament seats went to members of the Belaya Rus party, according to the .
The released a statement condemning the elections as a sham, and urging the Lukashenko regime to "end its crackdown, release all political prisoners, and open dialogue with its political opponents."
Legislative Election
- February 25, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
Belgium
Belgium will hold parliamentary elections on June 9, 2024, to elect all 150 seats of the Chamber of Representatives. Belgium has , which results in one of the highest voter turnout rates in the world.Ìę
Parliamentary Election
- June 9, 2024
European Union (EU)
The European Parliament will hold elections from June 6-9, 2024, for all 750 seats. The European Parliament is one of the legislative bodies of the European Union, and it is the only directly elected EU institution. Over 400 million people are eligible to vote in the parliamentary election as citizens of EU member nations, making it the in the world.
Parliamentary Election
- June 6-9, 2024
- This is the first parliamentary election since the United Kingdomâs exit from the EU in 2020
Context from SIS Experts
- (2019)
Finland
Finland held its presidential elections on January 28, 2024. No candidate reached the required 50% of votes, and went to a between the top two candidates on February 11, 2024. Ex-Prime Minister Alexander Stubb led the polls with 27.3% of the votes, and Finlandâs current foreign minister, , was second in the polls with 25.8% of the votes. At the end of the runoff, Stubb prevailed to win the presidency.
Presidential Election
- January 28, 2024
Presidential Runoff
- February 11, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
- , moderated by SIS professor Garret Martin
- NATO Expansion Past, Present, and Future
Georgia
Georgia will hold parliamentary and presidential elections in 2024. The Parliament of Georgia is comprised of 150 members, and all seats are up for election. These elections come at a time when many Georgians are concerned about within the country.
Parliamentary Election
- Expected 2024
Presidential Election
- Expected 2024
Poland
Polish voters turned out in record numbers to cast ballots in a parliamentary election October 15. Three opposition parties who campaigned on restoring democratic standards in Poland collectively won over 54% of the votes in the election, which ultimately puts them in a position to take power, . In total, the opposition parties will hold 248 seats in the 460-seat Sejm. The right-wing Law and Justice Party (known as PiS) that previously governed Poland for eight years won 35% of votes and will hold 194 seats in the new parliament.
Voter turnout for Polandâs election was at nearly 75%âthe highest since 1919 and even higher than the nationâs first free elections after the fall of communism in 1989, .Ìę
Parliamentary Election
- October 15, 2023
Context from SIS Experts
Lithuania
Lithuania held presidential elections on May 26, 2024. Incumbent president Gitanas Nauseda won re-election with roughly 75% of the vote according to . The nation of 2.8 million has been an ally of Ukraine, and the election drew security concerns due to its location next to Russia.
Presidential Election
May 26, 2024
Russia
Russia held presidential elections on March 17, 2024. Incumbent president Vladimir Putin has continuously served as either the president or prime minister since 1999 and won a fifth term in what was considered a farce of an election.
Presidential Election
- March 17, 2024
- This is the first election since substantial amendments to the Constitution of Russia were made in 2020
Context from SIS Experts
- Five Questions After Russia's Presidential Election
- Border Battles in Eurasia
- NATO Expansion Past, Present, and Future
- What Beijingâs Muted Response to Wagner Mutiny Tells Us About China-Russia Relations â and What it Doesnât
- What Does Putin Want? On First Anniversary of Russian Invasion, Five Questions about the War in Ukraine
Slovakia
Slovakia's former Prime Minister Robert Fico and his SMER-SSD party won the country's parliamentary election on September 30, 2023. Fico will now begin talks to form a coalition government, however, according to , he will need the cooperation of two other parties in order to gain a majority.Ìę
Parliamentary Election
- September 30, 2023
Context from SIS Experts
Spain
Spain held general elections on July 23, 2023. The Cortes Generales of Spain is made up of the 350-member Congress of Deputies, and the 266-member Senate. , and a repeat election is likely if a government cannot be formed.
General Election
- July 23, 2023
Switzerland
Switzerland held parliamentary elections on October 22, 2023, to elect all 246 seats in the Federal Assembly. The populist anti-immigration Swiss Peopleâs Party gained the most seats and is now the largest faction in parliament. According to , two environment-focused parties lost seats, signaling a further shift towards the right in Europe.
Parliamentary Election
- October 22, 2023
Ukraine
Ukraine was scheduled to hold parliamentary elections on October 29, 2023, and presidential elections on March 31, 2024. Typically, parliamentary and presidential elections are held every five years, however, elections cannot be held while the country is under martial law. Ukraine has been under martial law since February 24, 2022, and has announced that all elections will be deferred to a later date.Ìę
Context from SIS Experts
North America
Mexico
Mexico will hold general elections on June 2, 2024, to elect a new president along with all 500 seats of the Chamber of Deputies, and 128 seats of the Senate. Incumbent president is unable to be re-elected due to term limits under the Mexican Constitution.
General Election
- June 2, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
United States of America
The United States will hold general elections on November 5, 2024, to elect the president, 34 seats of the Senate, and all 435 seats of the House of Representatives. Incumbent president Joseph R. Biden and former president Donald J. Trump have both been confirmed as the Democratic and Republican nominees for this election.Ìę
Federal Election
- November 5, 2024
Context from SIS Experts
Oceania
New Zealand
New Zealand held its general elections on October 14, 2023. Christopher Luxon from the conservative National Party will be the next prime minister after gaining 39% of votes.
The makeup of parliament is still unknown, but Luxon will likely seek to form an alliance with the libertarian ACT Party according to the .
General Election
- October 14, 2023
Palau
will hold general elections on November 12, 2024, to elect the president and the National Congress. The National Congress is made up of the 13-seat Senate and the 16-seat House of Delegates. All seats in both houses are up for election to four-year terms.
General Election
- July 23, 2024
South America
Argentina
Argentina held its PASO (Open, Simultaneous, Obligatory Primaries) elections on August 13, 2023, to indicate preferences for presidential and National Congress candidates. The  were held on October 22, 2023, and a runoff election was held on November 19 to elect the president from the top two candidates. According to , far-right candidate Javier Milei won the runoff election with over 30% of the vote.
PASO Election
- August 13, 2023
- To qualify for presidential elections in October, candidates must receive at least 1.5% of votes
- 5 candidates qualified for the presidential race: Javier Milei, Patricia Bullrich, Horatio Rodriguez Larreta, Sergio Massa, and Juan Grabois
General Election
- October 22, 2023
Runoff Election
- November 19, 2023
Context from SIS Experts
Ecuador
Ecuador held its presidential runoff election on October 15, 2023. Daniel Noboa won the runoff, and at 35, will become Ecuadorâs youngest president in history.Ìę
According to the , Noboa will serve for 18 monthsâ the remainder of former president Guillermo Lassoâs term.Ìę
Presidential Runoff
- October 15, 2023
Uruguay
Uruguay will hold a general election on October 27, 2024, to elect the president and all seats in the 99-member Chamber of Deputies and 30-member Chamber of Senators. Incumbent president Louis Lacalle Pau cannot run for re-election, as the Uruguayan constitution does not allow immediate re-election. No front-runners have been identified yet, but the recently met with possible candidates to help gauge the political landscape heading into an election year.
General Election
- October 27, 2024